Jet lag involves:
Disruption of Circadian Rhythms: Rapid travel across multiple time zones leads to misalignment between the body's internal clock (circadian rhythms) and the external environment.
Light Exposure: Changes in exposure to natural light disrupt the production of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles.
Sleep Disturbances: Difficulty in adjusting to the new time zone can cause insomnia, fragmented sleep, and daytime fatigue.
Complications: Prolonged jet lag can impact cognitive performance, mood, and overall well-being.
Clinical Evaluation
Symptoms: Assessment of symptoms such as insomnia, daytime sleepiness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and gastrointestinal disturbances.
Physical Examination: Examination is typically unremarkable but focuses on identifying signs of sleep deprivation and stress.
Diagnostic Tests: Diagnosis is primarily based on the patient's travel history and symptoms. No specific tests are required.
Insomnia or difficulty falling asleep.
Daytime sleepiness and fatigue.
Difficulty concentrating and impaired cognitive function.
Mood changes, irritability, or anxiety.
Gastrointestinal disturbances such as indigestion or constipation.
General malaise and discomfort.
Treatment aims to minimize symptoms and facilitate adaptation to the new time zone:
Gradual Adjustment: Gradually adjusting sleep and meal times to the destination time zone a few days before travel.
Light Exposure: Exposure to bright light in the morning and avoidance of light in the evening to help reset the circadian clock.
Melatonin Supplements: Taking melatonin supplements in the evening can help regulate sleep-wake cycles.
Hydration and Nutrition: Staying hydrated and eating light, balanced meals to support overall well-being.
Sleep Hygiene: Maintaining good sleep hygiene practices, such as creating a comfortable sleep environment and avoiding caffeine or heavy meals before bedtime.
Rest and Recovery: Allowing time for rest and gradual adaptation to the new time zone.