Scoliosis can be classified into several types:
Idiopathic Scoliosis: The most common type, with no known cause. It often appears during adolescence and is more common in females.
Neuromuscular Scoliosis: Caused by conditions such as cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, or spinal cord abnormalities.
Congenital Scoliosis: Present at birth due to abnormal vertebral development.
Degenerative Scoliosis: Resulting from degenerative changes in the spine due to aging, injury, or osteoporosis.
Clinical Evaluation
Physical Examination: Observation of the spine's curvature while standing and bending forward (Adam's forward bend test). Measurement of the Cobb angle to quantify the curvature.
Imaging Studies: X-rays to assess the extent and pattern of spinal curvature. MRI or CT scan may be used to evaluate underlying structural abnormalities.
Uneven shoulders or waistline.
One shoulder blade protruding more than the other.
Uneven hips or rib cage.
Back pain or discomfort, particularly as the spine curves more severely.
Fatigue or difficulty breathing if severe scoliosis affects lung function.
Treatment for scoliosis depends on the severity of the curvature and the individual's age:
Observation: Mild curves may only require regular monitoring, especially if the person has stopped growing.
Bracing: For growing children and adolescents with moderate curves, a brace may be prescribed to prevent further progression of the curvature.
Surgery: Severe curves or those that continue to progress despite bracing may require surgery. Spinal fusion surgery involves fusing vertebrae together with rods and screws to correct the curvature and prevent further progression.
Physical Therapy: Exercises to improve posture, strengthen muscles, and maintain flexibility may be recommended to support spine health.