Tenosynovitis is the inflammation of the synovium, a protective sheath that surrounds a tendon. This condition often results from repetitive motion, overuse, or acute injury. The inflammation can lead to swelling, pain, and difficulty moving the affected joint. Commonly affected areas include the hands, wrists, and feet. In some cases, infections or systemic inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis can also cause tenosynovitis.
Clinical Evaluation
Patient History: Review of activities that may contribute to repetitive strain or injury, such as work tasks, sports, or hobbies. Inquiry about any recent infections or systemic diseases.
Physical Examination: Assessment of swelling, tenderness, and pain along the tendon. Checking for crepitus (a grating sensation) when moving the affected tendon.
Imaging Studies
Ultrasound: To visualize the inflammation and any fluid accumulation around the tendon.
MRI: To provide detailed images of the soft tissues, confirming the diagnosis and assessing the extent of inflammation.
X-Ray: Generally used to rule out other conditions like fractures or arthritis.
Pain along the length of the affected tendon.
Swelling and tenderness around the joint.
Difficulty moving the affected joint or tendon.
A sensation of creaking or grating when moving the tendon.
Redness and warmth over the affected area.
Stiffness, especially in the morning or after periods of inactivity.
Treatment for Tenosynovitis focuses on reducing inflammation and pain, promoting healing, and preventing recurrence:
Rest: Avoiding activities that exacerbate the condition to allow the tendon to heal.
Ice Therapy: Applying ice packs to the affected area to reduce swelling and pain.
Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to relieve pain and inflammation.
Splinting or Bracing: Using a splint or brace to immobilize the affected tendon and reduce strain.
Physical Therapy: Exercises to strengthen the surrounding muscles, improve flexibility, and promote tendon healing.
Injections: Corticosteroid injections to reduce severe inflammation and pain.
Antibiotics: If an infection is the cause, appropriate antibiotics will be prescribed.
Surgery: In rare cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to release the tendon sheath or remove inflamed tissue if conservative treatments fail.