Underbite, also known as prognathism, occurs when the lower teeth and jaw extend beyond the upper teeth. This misalignment can result from genetic factors, childhood habits such as thumb sucking or excessive pacifier use, or discrepancies in jaw growth. The condition can lead to difficulties in chewing, speaking, and maintaining oral hygiene.
Clinical Evaluation
Physical Examination: A dentist or orthodontist will perform a physical examination to observe the alignment of the teeth and jaws. They will assess the bite and the relationship between the upper and lower teeth.
Patient History: Information about the patient's dental history, family history of similar conditions, and any habits that may have contributed to the underbite will be gathered.
Imaging Studies
Dental X-rays: Provide detailed images of the teeth, roots, and jawbone structure to evaluate the extent of the misalignment and any underlying dental issues.
Cephalometric Analysis: A specialized X-ray that measures the relationships between the teeth, jaws, and facial structures, aiding in the diagnosis and treatment planning.
3D Imaging: Advanced imaging techniques like CT scans or 3D cone beam scans may be used for precise assessment and treatment planning, especially in severe cases.
Prominent lower jaw and chin.
Misalignment of the upper and lower teeth.
Difficulty in biting, chewing, or speaking.
Mouth breathing or snoring.
Chronic jaw pain or temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders.
Wear and tear on the teeth due to improper alignment.
Treatment for underbite aims to correct the jaw alignment and improve function and aesthetics.
Orthodontic Treatment: Braces or clear aligners can be used to gradually move the teeth into proper alignment. Additional appliances, such as expanders or headgear, may be used in growing children to guide jaw growth.
Oral Surgery: In severe cases, orthognathic surgery may be necessary to reposition the jaws. This procedure is often combined with orthodontic treatment for optimal results.
Dental Restorations: Crowns, veneers, or bonding may be used to modify the shape and alignment of the teeth.
Behavioral Modifications: Addressing habits such as thumb sucking or tongue thrusting that contribute to the development or worsening of an underbite.
Post-Treatment Care: Regular dental check-ups and maintenance to ensure the stability of the treatment outcomes and to monitor oral health.